The Causes Behind Hamlet's Delay in Taking Revenge

The primary focus of "Hamlet" is the protagonist's unusual hesitation in seeking revenge. Rather than attributing this delay to external factors, it seems to stem from a purely psychological struggle. Hamlet is ahead of his time, constantly questioning and justifying truths that others accept without hesitation. His moral scrupulousness and tendency to overanalyze contribute to a complex psyche that inhibits decisive action.

When the ghost discloses the truth about his father’s murder and demands revenge, Hamlet feels burdened by this responsibility, realizing his own inability to fulfill it. This awareness deepens his melancholic state, showcasing his inner turmoil.

While some critics suggest that King Claudius is a cunning figure who safeguards himself against threats, the evidence indicates that Hamlet’s delay is not due to external obstacles. In a pivotal moment, Hamlet finds an opportunity to enact his revenge while Claudius is praying but hesitates, contemplating the implications of sending him to heaven. This reflection reveals the psychological nature of his procrastination:

"Now I do it pat, how he is praying

And now I will do it, and so he goes to heaven."

Critics often label Hamlet as cowardly, suggesting that fear of consequences prevents him from acting. However, this characterization overlooks his capacity for bravery. When the ghost beckons him to follow, he confronts Horatio and Marcellus, asserting his determination:

"Unhand me, gentlemen, by heaven,

I'll make a ghost of him that lets me."

Hamlet's contemplation of suicide further complicates his ability to seek revenge. He is caught in a profound internal conflict, grappling with whether to endure his fate or confront life's adversities. In his famous soliloquy, he ponders the nature of existence and death, considering suicide as an escape from suffering but is ultimately deterred by the fear of what lies beyond death:

"To be or not to be, that is the question:

Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer

The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,

Or to take arms against a sea of troubles

And by opposing end them."

Ultimately, Hamlet’s delay arises from his indecision, fueled by overthinking. The energy that could drive him to action is instead consumed by contemplation. Although there are moments that reignite his desire for revenge, he remains paralyzed by doubt. After learning from the captain about Fortinbras's willingness to risk everything for honor, Hamlet reflects on his own inaction despite having valid reasons to pursue revenge.

Thus, it becomes clear that Hamlet's hesitation is primarily psychological. He never explicitly mentions external factors hindering his vengeance. Instead, he acknowledges his ability to kill Claudius whenever he chooses, yet he is held back by the need to resolve his thoughts before taking such a decisive step, even at the risk of his own life.